India is another country that has no intention of hiding its desire to pioneer in the deep seabed mining industry. As an active member of the International Seabed Authority (ISA) and the holder of two exploration licenses for polymetallic nodules and polymetallic sulfides, India has demonstrated a clear determination not to miss this opportunity. However, this is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to its ambitions.

While the final legal framework for deep seabed mining in international waters is still under development, India is focusing on exploring its potential within its own jurisdiction. As more countries push for deep seabed activities in their respective jurisdictions, predicting the ultimate winner of this race becomes increasingly challenging. Nevertheless, it is shaping up to be an intriguing competition.

Here, you will find an overview of the main milestones in India’s journey toward deep seabed mining, both in international waters and within its own jurisdiction.